Birm is an efficient and economical media for the reduction of dissolved iron and manganese compounds from raw water supplies. It may be used in either gravity fed or pressurized water treatment systems. Birm acts as an insoluble catalyst to enhance the reaction between dissolved oxygen and the iron compounds. In ground waters the dissolved iron is usually in the ferrous bicarbonate state due to the excess of free carbon dioxide and is not filterable. Birm, acting as a catalyst between the oxygen and the soluble iron compounds, enhances the oxidation reaction of Fe++ to Fe+++ and produces a ferric hydroxide which precipitates and may be easily filtered. The physical characteristics of Birm provide and excellent filter media which is easily cleaned by backwashing to remove the precipitant. Birm is not consumed in the iron removal operation and therefore offers a tremendous economic advantage over many other iron removal materials. Birm may also be used for manganese reduction and hydrogen sulfide removal with the same dependability as iron removal. Other advantage of Birm are; long material life with relatively low attrition loss, a wide temperature performance range and an extremely high removal rate. ADVANTAGES
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